This is a collection of diagrams for supply and demand. It is mainly for my benefit, so when creating a post, like the price of tea (or when I’m teaching online) I can easily find a suitable diagram to illustrate what is happening.
Demand curve
A contraction on the demand curve is due to higher price leading to lower demand
An extension on the demand curve is due to lower price leading to higher demand.
The supply curve
A higher price causes an extension along the supply curve (more is supplied)
A lower price causes a contraction along the supply curve (less is supplied)
Supply Shifts to the left
In this diagram the supply curve shifts to the left. It leads to a higher price and fall in quantity demand. The supply curve may shift to the left because of:
Higher costs of production
Higher taxes
Fall in productivity
Supply and Demand Shift Right
In this diagram, supply and demand have shifted to the right. This has led an increase in quantity (Q1 to Q2) but price has stayed the same.
It is possible, that if there is an increase in demand (D1 to D2) this encourages firms to produce more and so supply increases as well.
Diagram showing Increase in Price
In this diagram, we have rising demand (D1 to D2) but also a fall in supply. The effect is to cause a large rise in price.
For example, if we run out of oil, supply will fall. However, economic growth means demand continues to rise.
Increase in Demand
An increase in demand leads to higher price and higher quantity.
Increase in demand with inelastic supply
A Fall in Demand
Fall in demand increase supply
Fall in Supply
Fall in supply causing lower quantity and higher price.
Increase in supply – inelastic demandAn increase in supply when demand is inelastic only causes a small rise in demand.
Market equilibrium
Excess supply involves price above the equilibrium
Excess demand
Increase in demand
Rise in demand and rise in supplt
Increase in demand causes supply to increase in long term.
Price set below the equilibrium (football)
Inelastic supply and bigger increase in demand
UK Housing market has often seen demand increase at a faster rate than supply, causing price to rise.
Supply increase same as demand.
Elasticity
The effect of a subsidy depends on the elasticity of demand
The effect of a tax depends on elasticity of demand
The effect of rise in demand depends on elasticity of supply
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